Roll crusher for simultaneous crushing of large and small pieces of material



March 31, 1959 H. c. PoLLl'rz AET AL 2,879,952'

RoLL cRUsx-IER FOR sIMuLTANEoUs CRUSHING l oF LARGE AND SMALL PIECES oFMATERIAL Filed Nov. 9. 1955 i M M l slm l il l mag@ m y 44%. En@

ROLL `CRUSHER FOR SIMULTANEOUS'CRUSHIN G OF LARGEAND SMALL PIECESOFMATERIAL Harold' c. Puliitz, Edward, o. Spangler;4 and Npmllan Kessler,Cedar ,Rapids, Iowa, s'sig'ndrs nto Iowa' Manufacturing Companyv oi-lCedarv Rapids, v low@ Cedar Rapids, Iowa, ncbi-poration of Iowa AApplicationNovember 9, 15955,.Serialsllo.v $15,918

V1 Claim. l(Cl. 241-235) The present inventon. relates:to rollf-.typeapparatus for crushing rockor othersimilar frangible. material .and`

. is, more particularly,v concerned. withthen-provision of a novelandsubstantiallyimproyed `crushingroll. coniiguration.

As those skilled in, theartgof roele1 crushing fare aware, frangblematerial fed finto A.the hopperuona crusher is `non-uniform both as tosize andhardness:` In view of this fact it is very diicult to obtainthoroughcrushing action in` a `single Crusher pass. This istrue sincethe pair of rolls forming thevcrusherpassmust be adjusted toy pro- 'jvide an improved .crushingroll construction.

vide a predetermined roll clearance or passageway and'` that passagewayis, necessarily,A otv a `dimension smaller than some of thematerial tobe` crushed'pand larger than other particles ;thereof.Accordingly,inxoperation of the usual crushing apparatus .many` particles ofsmallsize are handled by-thecrushingapparatus'but not-ma-f terially aifectedby it and` where continued, smaller, crushing is desired, or Vwherecontrolledwgradation is desired subsequent passesthrough rolls, having`.smaller clearance are necessary.

In order to provide a roll Crusher-capable of effective crushingoperation on 4a wide rangeo' sizes of' frangible material and with`controlled .gradation, and thereby to reduce the number4 fof` individualroll passes necessary for the eiective` crushing of thefrangiblemateriaL-the novel roll configuration4 of the presentAinvention has been developed.` In accordance. with.-the.principles ofthe present invention ,the rolls forminga. pair of crush-` ing rolls,are each providedwith circumferential, axially spaced, ridges. ,Theseridgesarefpositioned atl the same axial points ony each of the rollssot-hatwhen the rolls' are placed in operative. relationship a.seriesofalternatively narrow and wide roll-passageways lare provided. Inoperation the rolls are adjusted to provide a minimum passageway capableof crushing materia'lzro.a'` predetermined desired sizefor controlledgradation, thereby leav-V ing adjacent wider areas of the rollpassageway of a size to pass substantially 'largerunbroken pieces..l uAsa result of thisarrangementaggregate `containing `substantially largerchunksof frangibleA material may bepassed through the crusher of thepresent invention than would" K wide roll passageway .toy permit. a`combination of large sizes of material. Y

It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide anovel and substantially improved crushing apparatus.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved rollsurface configuration for rock crushers or the like whereby large andsmall pieces of frangible ice material are simultaneously crushedforeontrolled gradation.

A feature ofthe invention residesintheuse of a pair .of rolls eachhaving at leastone circumeferential, radial- -ly projecting, ribforllalignmentuwith a .corresponding rib on'the other .drum .to provideaminmunr small crushins passageway ankedfby a pair bfi-larger Crushingpassageways. v

Yet a further feature of` the inventionlis .the provision tof a pair ofgenerally'eylindricalcrushing rolls at. least one of which is acircumferential,.radially projecting,

rib for cooperation with a cylindrical surface of the other roll toprovide a reduced `width crushing passageway ilanked by apairfofcrusher.-passagewaysV of larger width.

Another object of theA present inventionis to provide crushing apparatusfor simultaneously reducing large and small particles of frangiblematerialien controlled gradation.

Still a further 'object :of the present invention is to pro- Still otherand furtherv objects and features of the present invention will atyonce. become apparent to those skilled in the art from a considerationoftthe attached drawing wherein one form of the present invention isshown by way of illustration only, and wherein:

Figure l is a side elevational view of `crushing apparatus embodying thepresent invention; y

Figure 2 is a plan view of the crushing apparatus illustrated `in Figure1; and

Figure 3 is an enlargednsegmental. view, in cross section, of the rollpassageways utilized inthe crushing apparatus of Figures 1 and 2.

As shown on the drawings:

As may be seen from a consideration of Figures 1 and 2, thecrushingwapparatus of the present invention incorporates a pairofsubstantially similar rolls generallyI indicated at itl.v mounted forrotation with driving axles 11 and 12. Themain drivingaxle 11 is drivenby means of power applied to the conventional flywheel 13 which is inturn applied to thev axle-11 through conventionalgearing enclosedwithinthe gear case 14. The axle 11 is fixed against lateraldisplacement in conventional bearing blocks, one of which is exposed toview at 15 in Figure 2 andtcarries at itslower end as viewed in thatfigure a finger gear 16 for cooperation with a mating ringer gear 17secured to the-.axle 12 thereby Acausing the axle 12 to rotate in unisonwith and in the opposite direction to the axle 11.

In order -to prevent damage to the crushing apparatus should tramp ironor other non-frangible material be ed into the crushing passage 18between the. rolls 10, the axle 12 is mounted in a pair of bearingblocks 19 slidably carried inthe guideways 2li and'urgedtoward the left`as viewed in Figure 1 by'heavy springs 21 which may vacconnnodatedbythe vfinger gears 16 and 17 which are intentionally constructedtoprovide a loose f it, vas illus- ,trated in Figure l. I.This fitpermits rotation of the `second rollaxle 12 uponV rotation of the rollaxle 11 under substantially all conditions of mesh of the finger gearsand if, for any reason,.the.axle .12 shouldbecome shifted to apositionto the-extreme right, re-engagement of the iinger gears issimply and automatically accomplished without appreciable clash in viewof the loose mesh provided.

Frangible material, such as for example rock or the like, is fed to thepassage 18 via a hopper 23 secured to the crusher frame 24 through theupper bearing guide member 20 and brackets 25. The brackets 25 are pref-`lands or ridges a separated by reduced diameter valley portions 10b. Asmay be seen from Figure 3, the position t of the rolls 10 relative toeach other is such as to place the lands 10a opposite to each other tothereby provide a bite or passageway 18 comprising alternatelyrelatively wide passes 18a and narrow passes 18b.

Operation of the crushing rolls having alternate wide and narrow passesprovides a novel and substantially improved crushing action. Rockaggregate or other similar frangible material consisting of both largeand small chunks, is fed into the hopper 23 and is initially gripped bycooperating lands 10a. These lands, providing the narrow or restrictedpassageways 18b provide a crushing action on relatively small particles,which crushed particles pass downwardly through the machine to acollection device as described. Larger particles or chunks of materialhave a tendency to migrate from immediately` above the restrictedpassageway 18b to the wide passageway 18a on opposite sides of therestricted passageway 18b. This migration occurs partly as a result ofthe naturally somewhat faster flow through the wide passageway due tothe passage of smaller particles therethrough faster than such particleswould pass through the restricted passages 18b and partly as a result ofthe crushing action at the edges 10c of the lands 10a. It will beappreciated that at the edges or corners 10c material being crushed willhave a tendency to move axially of the rolls from the restrictedpassageway 18h into the larger passageway 18a thereby providing acontinuous agitation tending to move material from above the restrictedpassageway to the larger passageways 18a.

While, of course, some of the small particles of material pass throughthe wide passageways 18a without substantial crushing action and,accordingly, the rolls of the present invention do not provide ascomplete crushing of very small particles as a continuous roll having apassageway equal to the restricted passageway 18h, neverthcless crushingaction does occur in the large passageways 18a of small particles aswell as large particles.

'This occurs as a result of the action between the large and smallparticles which are effectively jammed into the wide passageway areasbetween adjacent lands 10a. Since there is substantially no freedom ofmovement of the material being crushed in the large passageways, towardthe ends of the rolls, very high compressive forces are built up on thecompacted material as it passes through the rolls causing an interactionin the material itself tending to crush many of the smaller particles.Of course, in addition, the larger passageways 18a provide crushingaction for the larger particles or chunks of material which could not besatisfactorily crushed in a Crusher having rolls providing a continuouscrushing passageway of only the restricted diameter 18b all contributingto controlled gradation.

It has been found that the provision of a dual width roll passagewayconstruction provides a crushing far superior to that provided by acomparable single stage crushing apparatus having a reduced crushingpassageway equal to that of the passageway 18b. Further, the

' crushing apparatus above described has been found to be far superiorto crushing apparatus having only a single for crushing aggregatecomprising both large and small particles. For general purpose crushing,therefore, the apparatus-'oi the present invention has proved a greatimprovement in the over-all reduction of rock aggregate or the like fromaggregate having a predetermined maximum size to an aggregate having asubstantially smaller predetermined maximum size with a substantialmajority of very small particles Yfor controlled gradation ordinarilynot obtainable with prior art crushing apparatus constructed to providecrushing of the larger sizes.

In the drawings, the crushing rolls have been illustrated ashaving fourlands 10 and tive grooves 10b. It will be appreciated, however, that thenumbers of lands and grooves may be varied without departing from theconcepts of the present invention. Accordingly, it is considered withinthe scope of the present invention to utilize a single land on each ofthe rolls, thereby providing a single restricted passageway 18b with apair of wide passageways 18a on opposite sides thereof to obtaincontrolled gradation. It will be further understood that the percentageof small sized particles passing through the restrictive passageways 18bmay be increased by providing a hopper 23 divided to direct incomingaggregate to spaced points directly over the respective lands 10a. Withsuch an arrangement, the material spreads out to fill the largercrushing passageways after initially being deposited in the areaimmediately above the restricted passageway 18b. f

It will be understood that additional variations may be made inaccordance with the principles of the present invention above disclosedwithout departing from the scope of the novel concepts thereof.Accordingly, it is our intention that the scope of the present inventionbe limited solely by that of the hereinafter appended claim.

We claim as our invention:

In combination, an apparatus for crushing frangible materials ofnon-uniform size, a pair of counter-rotating crushing rolls positionedfor rotation about substantially parallel axes, said rolls having theirperipheries adjacent to but spaced from each other and each of saidrolls comprising a generally cylindrical member having a plurality ofsmooth rigid radially projecting annular peripheral crushing lands ofsubstantially constant diameter alternating end to end of the roll withreduced diameter smooth rigid valley portions of substantially constantdiameter, said rolls being positioned to match each other with the landsof the respective rolls in face-to-face relation and likewise thereduced diameter valley portions in face-to-face relation therebyforming alternate large and comparatively small passageways at the bite,said rolls each beingprovided with a larger number of valley portionsthan land portions whereby a larger number of large passageways thansmall passageways is provided.

References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,321,858 Starr Nov. 18, 1919 1,412,793 Pardee Apr. 11, 1922 1,560,304Pardee Nov. 3, 1925 2,589,603 Cohen Apr. 26, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS 39,721Netherlands Dec. 15, 1936 595,675 France July 24, 1925 633,253 GermanyJuly 23, 1936 OTHER REFERENCES Super 40 Roll Crusher Pamphlet of PioneerEngineering Works, 1515 Central Avenue, Minneapolis, Minneslota, 4sheets, received by Patent Oilce February 21,

